3.1

A community,or biological community,consists of all populations of different species living in a particular area.For example,the catfish in a pond usually share the pond with other fish species,and with plants,insects,ducks,and many other species that make up the community.
在一個社區或群落中包括所有人民與不同的物種生活在同一個特別的區域。例如，鯰魚在一個池塘通常會與分享空間給其他池塘魚類，並與植物，昆蟲，鴨，和其他許多物種組成生態環境。
An ecosystem is a community of different species interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment of soil,water,other forms of matter, and energy,mostly from the sun.Ecosystems can range in size from a puddle of water to an ocean,or from a patch of woods to a forest.Ecosystems can be natural or artifical (human created) .Examples of artificial ecosystems are crop fields,tree farms(see photo 1 on page vi),and reservoirs.
一個生態系統是不同物種以及非生命環境，土壤，水和其他形式的物質與源於太陽的能源在交互作用下所形成的一個社會。生態系統的範圍小至水坑的水，大至廣大的海洋，或從一片樹林到茂密的森林。生態系統分為自然的或人為的(人類創造)。人工生態系統的例子有農田，林場和水庫。
The biosphere consists of the parts of the earth's air,water,and soil where life is found.In effect,it is the global ecosystem in which all living organisms exist and can interact with one another.
當生命被發現的地方就有組成生態系的成分-地球的空氣，水和土壤。實際上，這就是所有活的生物體存在與接觸其他物種的全球生態系統。